The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts

In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional content in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three partner countries, United States, * CAPP Research Centre for the Analysis of Public Policies, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy 1 Department of Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy margherita.russo@unimore.it, corresponding author 2 Department of Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, fabrizio.alboni@unimore.it 3 Facultad de Economía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, jcarreto@economia.unam.mx 4 Complex Multilayer Networks Lab, Center for Information Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), dedomenico@fbk.eu 5 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e Informatica (DIEEI), University of Catania, giuseppe.mangioni@unict.it 6 Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice Italy; simone.righi@unive.it 7 Former Professor Dipartimento di Economia e Diritto, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy, annamaria.simonazzi@uniroma1.it The paper is part of the research project "Geopolitical and technological challenges for the automotive global value chains", PI Annamaria Simonazzi, funded by INET. The application on Mexico has been developed under the complementary project "Digital transformation in the automotive supply chain in Mexico", PI Jorge Carreto Sanginés, funded by UNAM PAPIIT IN309620. The authors wish to thank Emmanuel Lazega, Pietro Panzarasca and Riccardo Righi for their comments on the presentation of preliminary results of this paper at the ARS'19 Seventh International Workshop, and comments and suggestion emerging in the discussion with participants at the c.MET05 Policy Research Meeting on 31st March 2021, Italy, at the Gerpisa 2021 Colloquium, at the Conference on "L'industria dell'auto e gli investimenti della Cina nell'era dell'auto elettrica e della mobilità sostenibile", Modena University, 2021; and at the EUSN 2021 Conference. A special thanks to Martin Rosvall, who highlighted which output files could be used in the analysis of Infomap flow between clusters, and to Emanuele Murgolo for copy editing.