Modifiable risk factors for incident dementia and cognitive impairment: An umbrella review of evidence

•In early life, education is the only but determining protective factor for dementia.•In late-life, overweight, depression and gait speed convincingly influence the dementia risk.•In midlife to late-life, glucose level, atrial fibrillation and benzodiazepine convincingly influence the dementia risk.•Mendelian randomization studies proven causal relationships for education and fasting glucose with Alzheimer’s disease.