Biological image segmentation using Region-Scalable Fitting Energy with B-spline level set implementation and Watershed

• New segmentation deals with intensity inhomogeneity within biological images. • Use of continuous formulation of B-spline level set with RSF active contour model. • Use of Watershed algorithm with a relevant choice of object markers. • The efficiency is proved in terms of qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Image segmentation plays an important role in the analysis and understanding of the cellular process. However, this task becomes difficult when there is intensity inhomogeneity between regions, and it is more challenging in the presence of the noise and clustered cells. The goal of the paper is propose an image segmentation framework that tackles the above cited problems. A new method composed of two steps is proposed: First, segment the image using B-spline level set with Region-Scalable Fitting (RSF) active contour model, second apply the Watershed algorithm based on new object markers to refine the segmentation and separate clustered cells. The major contributions of the paper are: 1) Use of a continuous formulation of the level set in the B-spline basis, 2) Develop the energy function and its derivative by introducing the RSF model to deal with intensity inhomogeneity, 3) For the Watershed, propose a relevant choice of markers that considers the cell properties. Experimental results are performed on widely used synthetic images, in addition to simulated and real biological images, without and with additive noise. They attest the high quality of segmentation of the proposed method in terms of quantitative and qualitative evaluation. The proposed method is able to tackle many difficulties at the same time: overlapped intensities, noise, different cell sizes and clustered cells. It provides an efficient tool for image segmentation especially biological ones.