Miniaturized 3D printed solid-phase extraction cartridges with integrated porous frits

Here we have studied the effect of the thickness and printing orientation using PolyJet 3D printing to fabricate single-material cartridges with built-in porous frits enabling solid-phase extraction (SPE) by packing commercial sorbents. This is achieved by tuning the degree of interpenetration of the building material and the water-soluble support material used in PolyJet 3D printing by modifying the orientation of the print head respective to the frit. SPE cartridges printed at an orientation of 30° with a 150 μm thick integrated frit were selected for the SPE experiments in a compromise between frit permeability to flow and stability to retain commercial sorbents for SPE.