Genetic changes of Plasmodium vivax tempers host tissue-specific responses in Anopheles stephensi .

Recently, we showed how an early restriction of gut flora proliferation by favors immune-suppression and survival in the gut lumen (Sharma et al., 2020). Here, we asked post gut invasion how interacts with individual tissues such as the midgut, hemocyte, and salivary glands, and manages its survival in the mosquito host. Our data from tissue-specific comparative RNA-Seq analysis and extensive temporal/spatial expression profiling of selected mosquito transcripts in the uninfected and infected mosquito's tissues indicated that (i) a transient suppression of gut metabolic machinery by early oocysts; (ii) enriched expression of nutritional responsive proteins and immune proteins against late oocysts, together may ensure optimal parasite development and gut homeostasis restoration; (iii) pre-immune activation of hemocyte by early gut-oocysts infection REL induction (p ​< ​0.003); and altered expression of hemocyte-encoded immune proteins may cause rapid removal of free circulating sporozoites from hemolymph; (iv) while a strong suppression of salivary metabolic activities, and elevated expression of salivary specific secretory, as well as immune proteins together, may favor the long-term storage and survival of invaded sporozoites. Finally, our RNA-Seq-based discovery of 4449 transcripts of origin, and their developmental stage-specific expression modulation in the corresponding infected mosquito tissues, predicts a possible mechanism of mosquito responses evasion by . Conclusively, our system-wide RNA-Seq analysis provides the first genetic evidence of direct mosquito- interaction and establishes a functional correlation.