Oil-Triggered and Template-Confined Dewetting for Facile and Low-Loss Sample Digitization

This paper proposes a simple and robust method for spontaneously digitizing aqueous samples into a high-density microwell array. The method is based on an oil-triggered template-confined dewetting phenomenon. To realize the dewetting-induced sample digitization, an aqueous sample is first infused into a networked microwell array (NMA) through a pre-degassing-based self-pumping mechanism, and an immiscible oil phase is then applied over the surface of NMA chip to induce the templated dewetting. Due to periodic interfacial tension heterogeneity, such dewetting ruptures the sample at the thinnest parts (i.e., connection channels) and spontaneously splits the sample into droplets in individual microwells. Without requiring any complex pumping or valving systems, this method can discretize a sample into tens of thousands of addressable droplets in a matter of minutes with nearly 98% usage. To demonstrate the utility and universality of this self-digitization method, we exploited it to discretize samples into 40 233 wells for a digital PCR assay, the digital quantification of bacteria, the self-assembly of spherical colloidal photonic crystals, and the spherical crystallization of drugs. We believe this facile technique will provide a substantial benefit to many compartmentalized assays or syntheses where it is necessary to partition samples into a large number of small individual volumes.