Excessively Prolonged Early Antibiotic Duration in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in a Developing Country

Purpose: Significant antibiotic overuse due to prolonged antibiotic duration has not draw enough attention in developing countries with high antibiotic consumption. We aimed to describe the current status of prolonged early antibiotic duration in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants in a large regional multicenter cohort in China. Patients and Methods: Institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted in all VLBW infants admitted to 16 Grade A tertiary hospitals between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Early antibiotic use was defined as antibiotic initiation within the first 3 days of life. Prolonged early antibiotic course was defined as early antibiotic initiation for more than 7 days in infants with early-onset sepsis (EOS) or more than 3 days in infants with unlikely EOS. Antibiotic use was described as days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days (PD). Results: Among 1684 eligible VLBW infants, 1544 (91.7%) infants were prescribed with prolonged early antibiotic course, including 618 infants with EOS and 926 infants with unlikely EOS. The median duration of early antibiotic course was 13 (IQR 8;20) days, with 78.0% of courses >7 days and 43.6% of courses >14 days. Total early antibiotic use was 408.3DOT/1000Pd, of which prolonged antibiotic courses accounted for 98.2% of all antibiotic use days. More than three antibiotics used, escalation antibiotic therapy, antibiotics for special use and the use of third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were significantly common in prolonged courses compared to short courses in both infants with EOS and unlikely EOS group (P<0.05). Conclusion: A large proportion of VLBW infants had excessively prolonged early antibiotic durations in the regional multicenter in China. Timely discontinuation of antibiotics in VLBW infants according to standardized guidelines and limit on the use of third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems may be key drivers in reducing the antibiotic overuse in developing countries like ours.