Effect of Compression Therapy in the Treatment of Tibial Stress Syndrome in Military Service Members

Tibial stress syndrome (TSS) is an overuse injury of the lower extremities. There is a high incidence rate of TSS among military recruits. Compression therapy is used to treat a wide array of musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of compression therapy as a treatment for TSS in military service members. Design: A parallel randomized study design was utilized. Methods: Military members diagnosed with TSS were assigned to either a relative rest group or compression garment group. Both groups started the study with 2 weeks of lower extremity rest followed by a graduated running program during the next 6 weeks. The compression garment group additionally wore a shin splints compression wrap during the waking hours of the first 2 weeks and during activity only for the next 6 weeks. Feelings of pain, TSS symptoms, and the ability to run 2 miles pain free were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks into the study. Results: Feelings of pain and TSS symptoms decreased during the 8-week study in both groups (P <.05), but these changes were not significantly different between groups (P >.05). The proportion of participants who were able to run 2 miles pain free was significantly different (P <.05) between the 2 groups at the 8-week time point with the compression garment group having a significantly increased ability to complete the run without pain. Conclusions: Although perceptions of pain at rest were not different between groups, the functional ability of running 2 miles pain free was significantly improved in the compression garment group. These findings suggest that there is a moderate benefit to using compression therapy as an adjunct treatment for TSS, promoting a return to training for military service members.