Efficacy and safety of embolization for arteriovenous malformations of the basal ganglia and thalamus via the transarterial approach

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of transarterial embolization in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) within the basal ganglia and thalamus. Methods: A retrospective clinical study was performed on 22 patients with bAVMs localized within the basal ganglia and thalamus who were treated with transarterial embolization (December 2012 and January 2019) in our center. The bAVMs were embolized via the transarterial approach with Onyx or Glubran according to the anatomical structure. A detachable or undetachable microcatheter was used in the procedure according to the length of the feeding artery. The data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 22 patients, 9 bAVMs were located in the basal ganglia and 13 were located in the thalamus. Twenty patients presented with hemorrhage (90.9%), leaving 2 patients (9.1%) who had no symptoms. According to the Spetzler-Martin grading classification, 13 bAVMs (59.1%) were grade 3, 7 (31.8%) were grade 4, and 2 (9.1%) were grade 5. Procedure-related complications occurred in only 1 patient (4.5%). No deaths related to the operation occurred. All patients achieved anatomic stabilization and no bleeding was observed in the follow-up. Conclusions: Selective embolization via the transarterial approach is safe and effective for bAVMs originating within the basal ganglia and thalamus. Our results demonstrate a low rate of complications and an elevated degree of anatomical disruption in the endovascular treatment of bAVMs stemming from the basal ganglia and thalamus.