Trivial and Topological Bound States in Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots and Rings

Herein, two different types of confinement in bilayer graphene by top and bottom gating with symmetrical microelectrodes are discussed and compared. Trivial confinement corresponds to the same polarity of all top gates, which is opposed to that of all bottom ones. Topological confinement requires the polarity of part of the top-bottom pairs of gates to be reversed. It is shown that the main qualitative difference between trivial and topological bound states manifests itself in the magnetic field dependence. The finding is illustrated with an explicit calculation of the energy spectrum for quantum dots and rings. Trivial confinement shows bunching of levels into degenerate Landau bands, with a non-centered gap, while topological confinement shows no field-induced gap and a sequence of state branches always crossing zero energy.