Hydroxytriazenes incorporating sulphonamide derivatives: evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and computational study

The existent investigation deals with synthesis, characterization, computational analysis, and biological activities of some hydroxytriazene derivatives containing sulphonamide moiety. The compounds were screened for antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using α -glucosidase and α -amylase inhibition assays with IC 50 values ranging from 32.0 to 759.13 μg/mL and 157.77 to 340.47 μg/mL while standard drug acarbose showed IC 50 values 12.21 and 69.74 μg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays with IC 50 value ranging from 54.01 to 912.66 μg/mL and 33.22 to 128.11 μg/mL, and standard drug ascorbic acid showed IC 50 values 29.12 μg/mL and 69.13 μg/mL, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method, where percentage inhibition was up to 93.0 and 98.57 for 2 h and 4 h, respectively, and all the compounds were found to exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, prediction of activity spectra for substance and molecular docking were also performed. The PASS prediction hypothesized the potential of the compounds for anti-inflammatory activity, and docking results suggested the best binding pose for compounds 1b and 2b with the least energy value from which compounds can be considered as potent COX-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, possible interactions between hydroxytriazene analogues and the targets of antioxidant NADPH oxidase and antidiabetic human maltase-glucoamylase enzyme have been identified. The HOMO and LUMO analysis revealed charge transfer within the compounds. These findings suggested that the synthesized compounds can be potential agents for the treatment of diabetes and inflammation. Graphical abstract