Construction of a prognostic risk assessment model for lung adenocarcinoma based on Integrin family-related genes

Background Integrin beta (ITGB) superfamily plays an essential role in the intercellular connection and signal transmission. It was exhibited that overexpressing of ITGB family members promotes the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but the relationship between ITGB superfamily and the LUAD prognosis remains unclear. Methods In this study, the samples were assigned to different subgroups utilizing non-negative matrix factorization clustering according to the expression of ITGB family members in LUAD. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis revealed the significant differences in the prognosis between different ITGB subgroups. Subsequently, we screened differentially expressed genes among different subgroups and conducted univariate Cox analysis, random forest feature selection, and multivariate Cox analysis. 9-feature genes (FAM83A, AKAP12, PKP2, CYP17A1, GJB3, TMPRSS11F, KRT81, MARCH4, and STC1) in the ITGB superfamily were selected to establish a prognostic assessment model for LAUD. Results In accordance with the median risk score, LUAD samples were divided into high- and low-risk groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of LUAD patients' survival was predicted via K-M survival curve and principal component analysis dimensionality reduction. This model was found to have a favorable performance in LUAD prognostic assessment. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of differentially expressed genes between groups and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of intergroup samples confirmed that the high- and low-risk groups had evident differences mainly in the function of extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction. Risk score and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of clinical factors showed that the prognostic model could be applied as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Then, we draw the nomogram of 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of LUAD patients predicted with the risk score and clinical factors. Calibration curve and clinical decision curve proved the favorable predictive ability of nomogram. Conclusion We constructed a LUAD prognostic risk model based on the ITGB superfamily, which can provide guidance for clinicians on their prognostic judgment.