The prognostic value of urinary cytology after trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

•This study investigates the temporal trends and significance of a positive/equivocal cytology (CP) in the absence of visible disease recurrence after trimodal therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.•CP is common, occurring in approximately a third of patients at first follow-up.•CP does not preclude subsequent negative cytology as the probability of having negative cytology after CP was 57% at the 6-month follow-up and the mean time-to-negative cytology was 3.2 months.•Persistence of positive cytology may be associated with adverse recurrence and survival outcomes.