Troponin testing after noncardiac surgery: a population-based historical cohort study on variation and factors associated with testing in Ontario

Background International practice guidelines make different recommendations for postoperative troponin testing to detect perioperative myocardial infarction and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery. To gain insights into current testing patterns, we evaluated predictors of routine troponin testing after three commonly performed major noncardiac surgeries. Methods We conducted a population-based historical cohort study of adults having major orthopedic, colorectal, or vascular surgery in Ontario, Canada from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017. We used hierarchical logistic regression modelling to assess the association of patient, surgery, and hospital factors with postoperative troponin testing, while accounting for clustering at the hospital level. We characterized hospital-level variation by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which was adjusted for various characteristics. Results The cohort included 176,454 eligible patients. Hospital-specific adjusted testing rates ranged from 0–20.1% for orthopedic surgery, 0–43.8% for colorectal surgery, and 19.6–88.0% for vascular surgery. Older age, urgent surgery status, and surgery duration were consistently associated with higher rates of testing for all three surgeries. Higher Revised Cardiac Risk Index scores were associated with higher odds of testing for orthopedic and colorectal surgery, but not for vascular surgery. Even after adjustment, the ICCs were 9.2%, 7.4%, and 24.1% for orthopedic, general, and vascular surgery, respectively. Conclusions Troponin testing varied substantially across hospitals for selected major noncardiac surgery procedures even after accounting for differences in patient-level cardiac risk factors. Our observations lend support to a more standardized approach for troponin testing after noncardiac surgery.