Choline diet improves serum lipid parameters and alters egg composition in breeder ducks

Background: Choline is an important nutrient, playing key roles in numerous metabolic pathways relevant to animal health. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary choline on the lipid parameters, cardiovascular health (CVH), and levels of egg trimethylamine (TMA) and cholesterol in breeder ducks during the late laying period. Methods: A total of 60 Jingjiang ducks were randomly separated into six replicates of 10 ducks each. After peak production until 65 weeks of age, the birds were fed a control basal diet. The same ducks served as the control group until 65 weeks of age, when the same ducks served as the choline-supplemented group, after 15 days of dietary choline supplementation at 2955 mg/kg choline above and over the basal diet initially provided. The 15 days of choline supplementation included an initial 5-day acclimatisation period. Results: Dietary choline supplementation increased serum TMA (p < 0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels in older breeder ducks. However, it did not change the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide but decreased the atherosclerosis index compared with those of the control group (p <0.01). Moreover, it increased (p < 0.01) the egg yolk TMA levels but did not change the concentrations of cholesterol in egg yolk. Conclusions: Dietary choline supplementation had a beneficial effect on lipid parameters and CVH in older breeder ducks, although it increased the serum and egg yolk TMA levels.