Unveiling the polyphasic evolution of the Neoarchean IOCG Salobo deposit, Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil: Insights from magnetite trace elements and sulfur isotopes

•The Salobo deposit represents a metamorphosed Cu-mineralization of the IOCG type.•Magmatic-derived sulfur corresponds to the main sulfur source at the Salobo deposit.•The Cu-mineralization underwent remobilization-recrystallization and the associated magnetite CDR processes (couple dissolution-recrystallization).•The magnetite crystallization reflects that the Cu-Fe sulfides formation could have been driven by the sulfur disproportionation.