Atypical Child-Parent Neural Synchrony Links to Children’s Psychopathological Symptoms

Family emotional climate is fundamental to child’s emotional wellbeing and mental health. Negative family emotional climate may lead to heightened psychopathological symptoms via dysfunctional child-parent interactions. Single-brain paradigms have uncovered changes in brain systems and networks related to negative family environments, but how neurobiological reciprocity between child and parent brains is associated with children’s psychopathological symptoms remains unknown. In study1, we investigated the relationship between family emotional climate and children’s psychopathological symptoms in 395 child-parent dyads. In study2, using a naturalistic movie-watching functional magnetic imaging technique in a subsample of 100 children and parents, we investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of how family emotional climate is associated with children’s psychopathological symptoms through child-parent neural synchrony. Children from negative family emotional climate experienced more severe psychopathological symptoms. We revealed significantly higher inter-subject correlations in the dorsal and ventral portions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and greater concordance of activity with widespread brain regions critical for socioemotional skills in child-parent than child-stranger dyads. Critically, negative family emotional climate was associated with decreased inter-subject functional correlation between the ventral mPFC and the hippocampus in child-parent dyads, which further accounted for higher children’s internalizing symptoms especially for anxious and depressed aspects. Family emotional climate might transmit into the brain of parent-child dyads, which may associate with child development outcomes. The present study identified that child-parent vmPFC-hippocampal circuitry is linked to children’s psychopathological symptoms. Our findings suggest a neurobiological mechanism of how negative family emotional climate affects children’s psychopathological symptoms through altered child-parent neural synchrony. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.