Elevated Serum Triglyceride Levels in Acute Pancreatitis: A Parameter to be Measured and Considered Early

Background The value of serum triglycerides (TGs) related to complications and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been clearly defined. Our study aimed to analyze the association of elevated levels of TG with complications and the severity of AP. Methods The demographic and clinical data of patients with AP were prospectively analyzed. TG levels were measured in the first 24 h of admission. Patients were divided into two groups: one with TG values of<200 mg/dL and another with TG≥200 mg/dL. Data on the outcomes of AP were collected. Results From January 2016 to December 2019, 247 cases were included: 200 with TG<200 mg/dL and 47 with TG≥200 mg/dL. Triglyceride levels≥200 mg/dL were associated with respiratory failure (21.3 vs. 10%, p =0.033), renal failure (23.4 vs. 12%, p =0.044), cardiovascular failure (19.1 vs. 7.5%, p =0.025), organ failure (34 vs. 18.5%, p =0.02), persistent organ failure (27.7 vs. 9.5%, p =0.001), multiple organ failure (19.1 vs. 8%, p =0.031), moderately severe and severe AP (68.1 vs. 40.5%, p =0.001), pancreatic necrosis (63.8 vs. 34%, p <0.001), and admission to the intensive care unit (27.7 vs. 9.5%, p =0.003). In the multivariable analysis, a TG level of≥200 mg/dL was independently associated with respiratory, renal, and cardiovascular failure, organ failure, persistent organ failure, multiple organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, severe pancreatitis, and admission to the intensive care unit ( p <0.05). Conclusions In our cohort, TG≥200 mg/dL was related to local and systemic complications. Early determinations of TG levels in AP could help identify patients at risk of complications.