Design and Implementation of a Low-cost IoT Node for Data Processing, Case Study: Smart Agriculture.

The majority of IoT nodes work within specific scenarios and can be configured in different ways. This paper seeks to design and implement a low-cost Internet of Things node for research applications to make it suitable for a wider variety of scenarios. The design is divided into hardware board and mobile application. With Bluetooth, the mobile application can connect to the node, and the node can collect data, store this data in the ThingSpeak database, control some connected devices, and check if the connected devices are on or off. The node was designed and tested for research purposes using smart agriculture as the case study. The system detects temperature, humidity, and soil moisture using node sensors, enabling data collection and interpretation by smartphone and web application. There are many challenges associated with the collected data preparation, analysis, visualization, and prediction using the Softmax function for optimal future management. Python was utilized to apply necessary data analysis techniques. The system saves time and makes farming more convenient as it uses few resources in terms of hardware and cost.