Nivolumab VERSUS Cabozantinib as Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Real-World Comparison

•Herein, we investigated the real-world efficacy of nivolumab and cabozantinib as second-line therapy in a cohort of 343 patients in a real-world setting.•We observed an advantage for nivolumab in terms of overall survival (OS) in almost all the subgroups analyzed, without reporting a statistically significant difference, except for patients with bone metastases or progressed during first-line sunitinib, characterized by longer survival with cabozantinib.•Median progression-free survival (PFS) was higher with cabozantinib in the majority of the subgroup analyses and resulted statistically significantly longer in male patients, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) histology and in the good risk subgroup.•According to our results, nivolumab and cabozantinib were active in mRCC patients, showing distinct results when stratified into clinico-pathological features.