Identification of hub genes and transcription factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated with atherosclerosis

The aim of this study was to explore the overlapping key genes, pathway networks and transcription factors (TFs) related to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atherosclerosis. The gene expression profiles of RA and atherosclerosis were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RA and atherosclerosis were identified. The biological roles of common DEGs were explored through enrichment analysis. Hub genes were identified using protein–protein interaction networks. TFs were predicted using Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence Based Text Mining (TRRUST) database. The hub genes and TFs were validated with other datasets. The networks between TFs and hub genes were constructed by CytoScape software. A total of 131 DEGs (all upregulated) were identified. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that DEGs were mostly enriched in leukocyte migration, neutrophil activation, and phagocytosis. CytoScape demonstrated 12 hub genes and one gene cluster module. Four of the 12 hub genes (CSF1R, CD86, PTPRC, and CD53) were validated by other datasets. TRRUST predicted two TFs, including Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) and RUNX family transcription factor 1(RUNX1). The expression of RUNX1 was validated with another dataset. Our study explored the common pathogenesis of RA and atherosclerosis. These results may guide future experimental research and clinical transformation.