Exploring the influence of urban context on building energy retrofit performance: A hybrid simulation and data-driven approach

•Expands upon integrated simulation and data-driven urban building energy modeling framework (DUE-S) to assess impact of large-scale retrofit programs on multi-scale energy consumption.•Evaluates DUE-S retrofit framework on case study of 29 densely co-located urban buildings.•Shows influence of urban context and inter-building relationships on building energy use and retrofits.•Introduces a scalable optimization algorithm to select buildings for retrofit to maximize urban electricity savings.