Prevalence and associated factors of frailty among Southern Chinese Han patients on haemodialysis: a multicentre, observational cross-sectional study

Objectives Frailty has been extensively studied in the general population. However, there is little information on frailty among patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) in China. This study analysed the prevalence and associated factors of frailty among Southern Chinese Han patients on HD. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Setting Three HD centres in Southern China. Participants Three hundred patients who underwent regular HD between June 2019 and October 2019. Main outcomes and measures Frailty was assessed using the Tilburg indicator of frailty (TFI) questionnaire, and the psychological status of the respondents was evaluated by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Results Seventy-five per cent of participants were in the frailty group, and the TFI score of HD patients was 6.89 +/- 2.87, with 8.15 +/- 2.06 in the frailty group and 2.87 +/- 1.31 in the non-frailty group. Frailty patients had higher SDS and SAS scores, and were more likely to suffer depression and anxiety than non-frailty patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis excluding depression and anxiety showed that age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (excluding end-stage renal disease), a nuclear family (compared with living alone), and albumin were independently associated with frailty (all p<0.05). In the model including depression and anxiety, age, diabetes mellitus, living as a couple (compared with living alone), a nuclear family (compared with living alone), an extended family (compared with living alone), low phosphorus, depression and anxiety were associated with frailty by multivariate logistic regression analysis (all p<0.05). Conclusions Approximately three-quarters of patients with HD in Southern China are frail, often accompanied with depression and anxiety. Age, diabetes mellitus, family structure, phosphorus, depression and anxiety were associated with frailty.