A 64Mpixel CMOS Image Sensor with $0.50 \mu\mathrm{m}$ Unit Pixels Separated by Front Deep-Trench Isolation

CMOS image sensors (CISs) with deep-submicron pixels are now in high demand, as high-end mobile devices are equipped with multiple camera modules that are used for ultra-high-resolution imaging [1], [2]. The biggest challenges with small pixels are to maintain dynamic range (DR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and sensitivity compatible with a sensor with larger pixels. A back-illuminated stacked se...