Captopril exhibits protective effects through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in C6 glioma cells

Recent studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have reduced oxidative damage in the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulating evidence have also demonstrated that captopril, an ACE inhibitor, has protective effects on the CNS. However, its effects on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced oxidative damage in glial cells and interaction with the inflammatory system are still uncertain. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of captopril on glial cell damage after H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress involved in the inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. The control group was without any treatment, and the H 2 O 2 group was treated with 0.5 mM H 2 O 2 for 24 h. The captopril group was treated with various concentrations of captopril for 24 h. The captopril + H 2 O 2 group was pre-treated with captopril for 1 h and then exposed to 0.5 mM H 2 O 2 for 24 h. In the captopril + H 2 O 2 group, captopril at all concentrations significantly increased the cell viability in C6 cells. It also significantly increased the TAS and decreased the TOS levels which are an indicator of oxidative stress. Moreover, captopril significantly reduced the inflammation markers including NF-kB, IL-1 β, COX-1, and COX-2 levels. Flow cytometry results also exhibited that captopril pretreatment significantly decreased the apoptosis rate. Besides, captopril significantly reduced apoptotic Bax and raised anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels. In conclusion, captopril has protective effects on C6 cells after H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the potential of captopril as a neuroprotective agent.