Analysis of the Properties of the Genetic Code by Mathematical Simulation

We consider random changes in the standard genetic code, in which its structure is preserved, and small variations in the genetic code, in which the structure is preserved or changed. The assumption is substantiated that the standard genetic code provides the best possible overlap of genes. The structure and content of the standard genetic code is determined by the condition of the maximum total number of allowed substitutions that open closed reading frames, and the minimum closed reading frames for which there is no such substitution. The estimated probability of randomly choosing the standard genetic code in terms of this criterion, depending on the model of the numerical experiment, has an order of 10 −3 to 10 −6 .