Cardio-Renal Syndrome: Epidemiological Aspect in the Medicine Department of Tombouctou Hospital

Introduction: Cardio-renal syndrome is a pathophysiological disorder of the heart and kidneys in which chronic or acute dysfunction of one can lead to chronic or acute dysfunction of the other.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardio-renal syndrome in the Medical Department of the Tombouctou Hospital in Mali.Methods: It is about a descriptive transversal study carried out over 18 months, from January 01 st , 2020 to June 30 th , 2021 and relating to the analysis of 75 files of patients hospitalized for heart failure and with impaired renal function.Results: The frequency of cardio-renal syndrome was 6.4% with a predominance of men (sex ratio: 2).Hypertension was the most widely described risk factor (50.6%).The history was dominated by chronic heart failure (14.6%) and diabetes (6.6%).The average age was 58 with extremes of 18 and 90.The main aetiologies were dilated cardiomyopathy (46.6%) and ischemic heart disease (20%).Symptoms were dominated by dyspnea (90.6%) and edema of the lower limbs and face (74.6%) accompanied by cough (74.6%).Anemia was noted in 15 patients (20%).The mean clearance (MDRD) was at 32 ml/min.Doppler echocardiography found left ventricular dilation (66.6%), lower left ventricular systolic fraction (64%) and kinetic abnormalities (20%).The kidney ultrasound performed in 9 patients returned to normal in 8 cases and in 1 patient the kidneys were small.Eight deaths (10.6%) were noted.Conclusion: Cardio-renal syndrome is a common feature in which mixed failure is observed in the unfavorable course of heart disease and nephropathy.Its prevalence is unfortunately under evaluated in cardiological settings in Africa and particularly in Mali, hence the interest of a more advanced study.