Preparation of Nanomolecular Probe and Its Effect on the Degradation of Amyloid β-Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nanomaterials have been increasingly applied in the clinical treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The targeting characteristics of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) was adopted in this study, and a targeted nanomaterial probe was employed to treat AD. The objective of this study was mainly to take nanomaterials as nanomolecular probe solution, so as to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ or depolymerize the amyloid plaques of Aβ, thereby exploring its effect on Aβ degradation in AD and its mechanism of action. The synthetic polydopamine (PDA), COOG0-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-NH2 (amino), coated ferric oxide (Fe3O4) core–shell structured nanoparticles (PDA@Fe3O4) were applied to prepare of nanomolecular probes in this study. AD mice from the observation group were injected with nanomolecular probes, and the changes of the indicators were observed at different times after injection. While treating mice from the observation group, blank AD mice were set as the control group, so as to observe the experimental effects. The results showed that the cell viability of mice from the observation group increased to 81% after treatment with nanomolecular probes, and the toxicity of Aβ polymer to cells was obviously improved. Besides, the fluorescence intensity of AD mice injected with nanomolecular probes for 36 hours reached the highest value of 7,300, which was gradually completely metabolized. In short, the nanomolecular probes could effectively degrade Aβ and improve the symptoms of AD to a certain extent.