Epididymo-orchitis

This chapter examines epididymo-orchitis. Infectious and inflammatory processes involving the contents of the scrotum can range from those that require acute surgical intervention to findings that are benign in nature. Epididymitis and orchitis are conditions that refer to inflammation of the epididymis and testicles, respectively. Since they are relatively uncommon, clinicians who are not urologists may be unfamiliar with these problems. The exact pathogenesis of epididymo-orchitis has not been clearly elucidated, but it most often occurs as a result of bacterial infection. Risk factors for epididymo-orchitis include a history of urinary tract infections, high-risk sexual activity, genitourinary anatomic abnormalities, urinary tract surgery or instrumentation, strenuous activity, cycling, and prolonged periods of sitting. Treatment includes antimicrobial therapy in combination with analgesics, bed rest, and scrotal elevation.