Occurrence and Dietary Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Wheat Fields of Ghaziabad City, India

The aim of this study is to assess the pesticides residues in wheat and soil samples from Ghaziabad city of India. Herein, wheat and soil samples were collected from fields in Ghaziabad city, India from 2017 to 2019 and analyzed on GC-MS/MS & LC-MS/MS using QuEChERS method of extraction. One or multiple pesticide residues were detected in the wheat and soil samples. Cypermethrin, cyahalofep butyl and chlorpyrifos were frequently detected in the soil samples. Concentrations of carbendazim and chlorpyrifos in the paired soil and wheat samples exhibited significant positive correlations. The monitoring results showed that the concentrations of some pesticides in the wheat flour samples exceeded the FSSAI MRL standard, which implies possible intake risks via consumption. Hence, dietary risk assessments were conducted. The resulting hazard quotient (HQ) values fell within 3.89-7.25 indicates that dietary risk of studied crop is low and their current residue concentrations in wheat would be safe for human consumption.