Assessment of carbonyl and PAH emissions in an automotive diesel engine fueled with butanol and renewable diesel fuel blends

•Emitted PAHs were mainly in the gas phase. Total PAH emissions increased with renewable diesel and butanol blends.•The most potent environmental carcinogen, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene was higher for renewable diesel and butanol blends than ULSD.•Butanol blend produces much higher carbonyl emissions than ULSD and renewable diesel blends, and consequently the highest ozone formation potential.•Carbonyl compounds leak easily on sampling. A second cartridge in series is required to improve the reliability of the results.