Variability in growth-determining hydraulic wood and leaf traits in Melia dubia across a steep water availability gradient in southern India

•Short-rotation plantations of Melia dubia were studied across a steep rainfall gradient.•The variability in hydraulic traits across the gradient in this drought-deciduous species was limited.•A high stem wood hydraulic efficiency was a prerequisite for high yield.•Water supply, irrigation scheme and soil nutrient status had a strong effect on yield.•Improved irrigation and fertilization protocols can increase the yield in Melia dubia.