Research progress of the monitoring,forecast and sustainable management of invasive alien pest Frankliniella occidentalis in China

Investigation,monitoring,forecasting and integrated management of western flower thrips (WFT) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) were carried out in 30 Chinese provinces,excluding Tibet,Taiwan,Hongkong and Macao.The WFT is distributed in 14 provinces in China,including Beijing,Yunnan,Zhejiang and Shandong.This pest has caused serious damage in Yunnan and Beijing,and is spreading to other regions.The outbreak mechanism of WFT was clarified and effective monitoring techniques for this pest developed.The effects of 4 native,natural enemy species and entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated,and 5 efficient and environmentally friendly pesticides identified.Experiments to monitor the WFT's mechanism of the resistance to several pesticides were conducted.Methods and strategies for the integrated management of WFT are proposed.Ten prevention and control systems were established and demonstrated in Beijing,Yunnan,Zhejiang and Shandong.During these demonstrations,more than 50 thousand technical handbooks were delivered and 80 thousand farmers were trained on 26.5 thousand hm2 of farms and orchards.This program had obvious economic,ecological and social benefits and proved effective in controlling the damage and spread of WFT.