Enhancing effects of Calcium phosphate nanoparticles adjuvant on the Immune response in calves vaccinated with Foot and Mouth Disease trivalent vaccine

Nanotechnology plays a unique and novel role to develop new methods for adjuvant preparation, whichplay an important role in the efficacy of vaccines. In this study we have studied the effects of Calciumphosphate nanoparticles (CaP) magnitude and type of immunity elicited in response to inactivated FMD trivalent vaccine. Acomprehensive sero-immunological study was conduced to reveal the adjuvant's effect of Calciumphosphate nanoparticles on the immune response to oil adjuvanted trivalent Foot and Mouth Disease(FMD) in vaccinated calves. This study was conducted in three calve groups; group (A) vaccinatedsubcutaneously with trivalent oil FMD vaccine, group (B) vaccinated subcutaneously with trivalentFMD vaccine adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate nonaoparticles (10 mg/dose).While group (C)vaccinated subcutaneously with trivalent FMD vaccine adjuvanted with both oil and CaP nanoparticles.The humeral and cellular immunoresponses were monitored in different tested groups. Results indicatedthat the incorporation of Calcium phosphate nanoparticles into inactivated FMD vaccine induces anincrease of the specific protective immune response. Higher and longer period of immuneresponses were found in calves vaccinated with both oil and Calcium phosphate nanoparticlesadjuvanted vaccine up to 40 week, while those vaccinated with Calcium Phosphate nanoparticles andwith oil vaccine showed protected immunity up to 36 and 32 weeks respectively