Гаплоидентичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в лечении детей и подростков с резистентными формами острых лейкозов

Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is one of the effective methods of treatment of patients with malignant disorders of hematopoietic system. Because of absence of related and unrelated donors at the majority of Russian patients, search for alternative grafts for allo-HSCT is actual now. HSCT from partially HLA-matched related (haploidentical, haplo-HSCT) is the fast and universal method of treatment. Fifty six children and young adults 1–21 years old (age median – 9 years old) with resistant forms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 32) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 24) were transplanted with haploidentical donor from December 2007 to June 2013. In preparative therapy and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention the following regimens were used: myeloablative conditioning regimen (MAC) + Antithymocyte Immunoglobulin (ATGAM) (n = 20), MAC + Cyclophosphamide (CpH) (n = 5), reduce-intensity regimen (RIC) + ATGAM (n = 14), RIC + Alemtuzumab (n = 4), RIC + CpH (n = 13). All patients received base immunosuppressive therapy with Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin A. The following types of haplo-transplants were used: combination of stimulated with G-CSG unmanipulated bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) with positive CD34+ selection (n = 23) or stimulated with G-GSF unmanipulated BM (n = 33). Overall survival (OS) in this group of patients was 33.3 %. Statistically better OS (р = 0.03) was revealed in a group of patients transplanted with G-CSF stimulated unmanipulated BM – 45.5 % versus 13 % in case of combined transplant. Other factors influenced on the results of haplo-HSCT (age, status at the moment of HSCT, conditioning regimen, posttransplant therapy, engraftment, cells dose) are described in the article.