GEOTASARIMIN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ VE COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ - Historical Evolution of Geodesign and Relationship with GIS

Insanoglu yasaminin her surecinde cevresi ile bir etkilesim icerisinde olmus ve kendisine hep bir yasama alani olusturmustur. Insanlik tarihinin ilk yasam veya yerlesim alanlari incelediginde genellikle bu alanlarin doganin sartlarina uyumlu olarak olusturuldugu gorulmektedir. Bu sayede dogal afetlerin veya yasadiklari donemin dogal kosullarinin olumsuz etkilerinden daha az zarar gormuslerdir. Ancak zamanla hizli nufus artisi, sanayilesme, hizli kentlesme vb. nedenlerle, planlama ve tasarim sureclerinde doganin ve cevrenin kurallari artik goz ardi edilmeye baslanmistir. Bunun sonucunda afetlerden cok fazla etkilenen, dogaya ve biyocesitlilige zarar veren yerlesim alanlari ortaya cikmistir. Ortaya cikan bu olumsuzluklari giderebilmek, dunyayi daha yasanilabilir ve surdurulebilir hale getirebilmek icin gunumuzde farkli cozumler aranmaktadir. Bu cozumlerden belki de en onemlisi aslinda insanoglunun var olusundan beri uygulanan ve zaman icinde bir kurama donusen kavramidir. 19. ve 20.yuzyilda hizla uzaklasilan yaklasimi, 21.yuzyilda Cografi Bilgi Sistemi onde gelen isimleri tarafindan gezegenin iyilestirilmesi icin yeniden ortaya atilmistir. Bu calismada geotasarimin gecmisten gunumuze nasil gelistigi, geotasarim anlayisinin yeniden yasama gecirilmesi surecinde CBS'nin oynadigi etkin rol ile cografi bilgi sistemleri iliskisi cercevesinden ortaya konulmustur. A BSTRACT The need for improved living conditions of humankind has originated interactive relations with their surroundings in all respects. Examination of first settlement regions indicated compatibility between natural conditions and organised environment. As a consequence destructive effects of natural disasters and living conditions has been kept at minimum levels. Emerged factors such as increased rate of population, industrialisation and rapid urbanisation have eliminated this compatibility of nature and environment in planning and design process. Followed by environments that create irreversible damage in nature and biodiversity along with further vulnerability to natural disasters. In order to prevent these side effects and lead a sustainable approach for enhanced environments the search for alternate solutions has increased. One of the most promising solution amongst these is the concept of geodesign that has been practiced throughout the presence of mankind. Geodesign approach that has been neglected rapidly throughout 19 th and 20 th centuries, have been brought up into consideration by pioneers of GIS at 21 th century to improve surroundings for living. This study explores progress of geodesign upto this day within the frame of GIS's active role in relation with geodesign along with its recent arousal. Keywords: Geodesign, Geographical Information Systems, Framework for Geodesign