Robotic Harvest of the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction: A Case Series

Background: Robotic surgery is emerging as a viable tool in reconstructive surgery. Harvesting of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is typically performed through an anterior approach, which involves a long fascial incision. A robotic approach allows the deep inferior epigastric pedicle to be harvested from the posterior surface. This approach reduces the length of the fascial incision and should decrease the abdominal morbidity associated with large fascial dissections. Methods: A case series study of 21 patients who underwent a robotic deep inferior epigastric perforator or during a 12-month period for breast reconstruction was performed. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and complications were assessed. Results: Mean patient age was 54.6 +/- 7.6 years, and mean body mass index was 30.4 +/- 3.9 kg/m(2). Mean fascial incision and pedicle length were 3.6 +/- 1.6 cm and 13.3 +/- 1 cm, respectively. None of the patients required conversion to open harvest. Mean length of hospital stay was 3.8 +/- 0.9 days. Surgical site occurrences were identified in five patients (31.3 percent). One patient had delayed wound healing at the donor site. None of the patients developed hernia or bulge. The mean benefit (B = C - A), defined as length of fascial incision spared and measured as the difference between pedicle length and intramuscular course, was 9.83 +/- 2.28 cm. The precision of computed tomography angiography in identifying the intraoperative fascial incision was 86 percent. Conclusion: The robotic deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is a safe and reliable technique that decreases the length of fascial incision and short-term complications associated with the open approach.