The UVSSA protein is part of a genome integrity homeostasis network with links to transcription-coupled DNA repair and ATM signaling

The UVSSA (KIAA1530) protein is a component of transcription-coupled repair which, together with the CSA(ERCC8) and CSB(ERCC6) proteins cooperates to relieve transcription-blocking DNA damage. Mutations in CSA and CSB are found in Cockayne syndrome (CS), which is a human recessively inherited photosensitive, neurocutaneous, aging disorder. Mutations in UVSSA, in contrast, are found in the rare mild photosensitive syndrome (UVs) that lacks the noncutaneous complications of CSA or CSB patients. In this study we deployed CRISPR to disrupt exon I of the UVSSA gene in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. Elimination of the UVSSA protein was confirmed by Western blotting and the knockout cells displayed the predicted sensitivity to transcription blocking lesions caused by illudin, cisplatin, and ultraviolet light, just as in CS cell lines. Transcription arrest in a UVSSA knockout cell line resulted in ATM-dependent phosphorylation of H2Ax and delayed DNA synthesis, relieved by an inhibitor of ATM. Loss of UVSSA protein did not, however, increase sensitivity to oxidative damage or to inhibitors of poly (ADP)ribose polymerase, unlike reported in CSB cells. We discuss this in terms of the likely commutative interplay of factors in CS. We anticipate that this knockout cell line will advance understanding of this and related DNA diseases.