Precipitation Polymerization: A Versatile Tool for Preparing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Beads for Chromatography Applications

Precipitation polymerization is a robust method for synthesis of polymers in the form of micro- and nanospherical beads. This spherical particulate polymer morphology is advantageous for several applications of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) including their utilization as sorbents in chromatography and solid phase extraction (SPE), in sensing and drug delivery applications. In this context, this review aims to compile and present recent advances and outcomes of chromatography and SPE applications of MIPs prepared by precipitation polymerization for recognition of target analytes in complex matrices such as environmental, food and biological samples. First, the basic concept of MIPs synthesis by using precipitation polymerization is introduced. This is followed by details on the chromatography and SPE applications of MIPs prepared via precipitation polymerization. The controlled radical precipitation polymerization and other advances in the field are introduced. Finally, the review is concluded with the prospects for future research.