Factores maternos y ganancia de peso en un grupo de gestantes con recién nacidos macrosómicos

Background: Excessive weight gain contributes to the risk of gestational diabetes and fetal overgrowth. Objective: to explore the effect of some sociodemographic, gestational and anthropometric factors on weight gain during pregnancy, in a group of women with macrosomic newborns, treated at a second-level institution in the department of Antioquia, between 2010 and 2017. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with prenatal medical records of 61 women with macrosomic newborns. The variable of interest was weight gain. For the relationship of the sociodemographic and gestational aspects with the weight gain, the t-Student test was applied and the magnitude of the effect with the Hedges g measure. A multiple linear regression model adjusted was applied for multivariate analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in maternal age, pregestational body mass index, maternal height, and nutrition consultation. The effect size on weight gain in pregnancy for each of these variables was significant. Pregestational body mass index (p<0.001, 95% CI -7.28; -2.67) and maternal height (P<0.05 95% CI 0.88; 5.87) explain 27% of the variability of weight gain. Conclusion: factors such as maternal age less than 35 years, pregestational body mass index, maternal height and lack of nutritional care, can have an impact on weight gains above the recommendations.