Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Effects of Azadrachita indica Leaves Extracts on Eschericha coli Infected Diabetic Wounds using Albino Rat Model

The wound healing and antimicrobial effects of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts were evaluated on Eschericha coli infected diabetic wounds using albino rat model. The study was a cross-sectional work done between January and June, 2020. Eschericha coli was isolated and identified from 50 infected diabetic patients using Eosin methylene blue and standard biochemical tests. The crude extracts of A. indica were gotten using ethanol and water by soxhlet method. The phytochemical such as saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoid and alkaloids were determined quantitatively and qualitatively using standard method. In vitro antimicrobial effect of extracts and their combination were evaluated. The wound healing effects of the extracts were done using six weeks old albino rat model. Out of 50 swab samples of infected diabetic wounds, 30 isolates were obtained which E. coli was 20% of the bacterial isolates from the infected wound. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of saponin, flavonoids, steroid, alkaloids, tannins and phenol. Among the leaf extracts analysed, A. indica ethanol extract has the highest inhibition zone against E. coli (10.67±1.15 mm) at 500 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml concentration. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 250 mg/ml while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 1000mg/ml. Diabetic and healthy groups of albino rats were treated after 1 week of infection. Comparing the negative control rats witsh those treated with daily topical application of the leaf extracts, showed significant reduction in wound size and rapid healing (P = 0.05). Comparing with positive control, the leaf extracts have almost the same healing effect with the positive control (povidone iodine). The leaf extracts of A. indica possess antimicrobial properties for E. coli especially the ethanol extract which heals faster than aqueous extract and can be used as an alternative for healing infected non diabetic and chronic diabetic wounds.