Analysis of co2 delivery systems for laser radiation

The paper deals with the formation of personalized digital models of facial skeletal fragments based on computed tomography data of the patient. Precise individual three-dimensional models, surgical templates, and implant molds obtained using computer modeling and laser stereolithography were used to prepare and perform reconstructive procedures in 191 pa-tients with complex cranio-orbital defects and deformities. During the research, a special technique (“virtual pencil”) was developed, which allows you to edit halftone images of intact and damaged thin walls of the orbit. This allowed us to avoid further data processing errors when converting DICOM files into a three-dimensional model and to obtain the real geometry and correct dimensions of the defects of the damaged area. Thus, it became possible to carry out preoperative planning, modeling of individual stages of surgical intervention, manufac-turing of individual implants for the reconstruction of the skull, orbit and adjacent parts of the facial skeleton. Our experience shows that computer-aided design systems and additive tech-nologies allow us to optimize surgical treatment and increase its accuracy and efficiency.