Hydrogeology of Al-Hamdaniya, Northern Iraq

The current study evaluated the hydrogeological conditions and hydraulic properties of the groundwater aquifers in Qaraqosh, Karamless and Bartella areas within Al-Hamdaniya district east Mosul. The depths and water tables of groundwater for 48 well were measured in October 2019, were ranged between 5 - 45 meters and 234 - 278.5 meters, respectively. The highest water table reaches in the center of the studied area north Qaraqosh and decreases gradually in all directions. A map of the flow net was drawn, and it was found that the general direction of water movement is from north to south, with local directions resulting by pumping from the aquifer, or due to the heterogeneity of the porous media. The results of the pumping test in Karamless area shows that the transmissivity was 107.671 m2/day and 100.682 m2/day according to Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity of 157.65 m saturated thickness was found to be 0.683 m/day and 0.639 m/day using Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods, respectively. While the storage coefficient using Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods was 0.0023 and 0.0020، respectively. In Qaraqosh, the transmissivity was 87.1685 m2/day and 88.1004 m2/day according to the mentioned methods, respectively. While the hydraulic conductivity of saturated thickness of 71.07 m was found to be 1.24 m/day and 1.23 m/day using Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods, respectively. The values of storage coefficient using these methods was 0.00135 and 0.00115 respectively. The total dissolved solids (TDS) measured to conclude the hydrogeological system according to the quality of the groundwater aquifers, it was found that the concentrations of total dissolved solids are more than 3500 ppm in the mid of the study area and decreased towards all directions to the limits of 250 ppm. This wide variation in salinity may be because the wells in the central area penetrate the groundwater aquifers, represented by the layers of gypsum in Al-Fat'ha formation, which is hydraulically connected with the main aquifer of the Injana formation.