Anorectal Malformations at a University Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Ano-rectal malformations comprise a wide spectrum of diseases, which can affect males and females, and involve the distal anus and rectum as well as the urinary and genital tracts. The incidence, type or variety of malformations varies from one region or geographical location to another. Ano-rectal anomalies tend to be associated with other congenital anomalies. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence, presentation and types of ano-rectal malformations and their treatment outcome. It is a prospective observational study from March 2012 to February 2019. Information obtained from cases of ano-rectal anomalies who presented to our health institution during the study period was entered into a proforma. Relevant clinical information was obtained and documented in a structured proforma. A total of 60 patients were seen during the study period. Males were 35 (58.3%) while females were 25 (41.7%). Age at presentation ranged from 2 hours -15 years. High anomalies were seen in 34 (56.7%), low anomalies 18 (30%) and intermediate 8 (13.3%). Associated congenital anomalies were seen in 12 (20%) patients. 28 patients had the traditional three-stage procedure of initial colostomy, PSARP and colostomy closure while 13 patients had double staged procedure of initial colostomy and definitive surgery with colostomy closure at the same time. Fifteen (15) patients had single staged procedure (PSARP) without an initial colostomy. Three (3) patients are awaiting colostomy closure after definitive surgery. Post-Operative complications were seen in 16 patients. A mortality of 10 (16.7%) was observed.