Epidemiological profile, clinical, paraclinical, and evolutionary of adult autoimmune cytopenia cases in East of Algeria

BACKGROUND: Peripheral autoimmune cytopenia is defined by the immune-mediated destruction of hematological cell lines, including platelets, red blood cells, white cells (neutrophils), and multi-line destruction, called Evans syndrome. METHODS: Our retrospective study includes 59 patients admitted to the hematology service in Constantine Regional Military University Hospital during a period of 10 years (2010–2019) with the aim of specifying the epidemiological, clinical and biological characteristics as well as the characteristics therapy of adult autoimmune cytopenia in eastern Algeria region. RESULTS: Through this study, it can be noted that immunological thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most frequent of cytopenia 79.33% (47 cases) followed by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHAI) by 20.34% (11 cases). The average age for ITP is 52.04 ± 5.78 years with a male predominance and a gender F/M ratio of 0.81. People over the age of 60 were the most affected. The diagnosis is evoked in the presence of a hemorrhagic syndrome in 51.06% of cases. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count CONCLUSION: Peripheral autoimmune cytopenia is rare; we can remember that in our context ITP is the most frequent of autoimmune cytopenia in adults. It's a pathology that affects both sexes with a male predominance. In the AHAI, we have noticed a slight male predominance. Its main clinical manifestation is anemic syndrome and corticosteroids are the first-line treatment in both types ITP and AHAI.