Is Enoxaparin Sodium Exactly Safe For Subcutaneous Fibroblast?: A Cell Culture Study

Aim: Despite relatively low amount in the subcutaneous tissue, fibroblasts play a critical role in the continuity of intercellular connections, maintenance of tissue integrity, and forming a balanced fascial network. Enoxaparin sodium is widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis. In the present study, we aimed to examine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of enoxaparin sodium on fibroblast cells in an in vitro model. Material and Methods: In a mouse model, L929 fibroblast cells were treated with enoxaparin sodium 4000 IU, 2000 IU, 1000 IU, 500 IU, and 250 IU. At 48 hours, cell morphology was evaluated; cell viability was analyzed through methylthiazole tetrazolium assay and apoptosis was assessed by propidium iodide/ acridine orange staining. Results: The test results showed that high doses (4000 IU, 2000 IU) exerted cytotoxic effects and induced apoptotic morphology. Compared to the control group, there was no significant difference in the cell viability in Dilutions III, IV, and V. Conclusion: Based on our results, despite prophylactic dose in the in vitro setting, high-dose enoxaparin showed cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. Long-term high-dose enoxaparin sodium may affect the number of subcutaneous fibroblasts, impairing the skin integrity and subcutaneous tissue healing