Análise da Variabilidade Espacial Horizontal e Vertical dos Atributos do Solo e sua Relevância para o Parque Natural Chico Mendes, SP

A manutencao da qualidade ambiental depende de intrinsecas relacoes entre os compartimentos ambientais. Assim, a manutencao de espacos verdes preservados e um manejo adequado do solo pode contribuir com a qualidade de vida da populacao. Sendo assim, o estudo avaliou a heterogeneidade espacial horizontal e vertical dos atributos dos solos do Parque Natural Chico Mendes, sob a otica da importância dos parques urbanos para manutencao da qualidade ambiental e conservacao dos solos. Para tanto, foram analisadas tres zonas do parque com distintas fitofisionomias, sendo denominadas zona de mata conservada (ZMC); zona de mata (ZM) e zona de eucalipto (ZE). As analises fisico-quimicas foram realizadas nas profundidades de 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm e 40-60 cm, segundo as metodologias propostas pelo Instituto Agronomico de Campinas (IAC) e EMBRAPA. A espacializacao dos dados foi realizada no software ArcGis 10.4.1 pelo metodo Inverso do Quadrado da Distância (IQD). Os resultados demonstraram a heterogeneidade espacial dos atributos quimicos do solo nas diferentes fitofisionomias do parque, revelando que mesmo as areas com pequenas extensoes podem apresentar significativa diferenciacao de atributos fisico-quimicos do solo, corroborando com a importância em se obter um manejo adequado do solo visando a manutencao da qualidade ambiental. Horizontal and Vertical Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Attributes and their Relevance to Natural Park Chico Mendes, SP, Brazil A B S T R A C T Maintenance of environmental quality depends on intrinsic relationships between environmental compartments. Thus, the maintenance of preserved green spaces and proper soil management can contribute to quality of life of the population. Therefore, in this study was evaluated a spatial horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of the soil elements of the Natural Park Chico Mendes, from the perspective of the importance of urban parks for maintaining environmental quality and soil conservation. For this, three zones of the park with distinct phytophysiognomies were analysed, being conserved forest zone (ZMC); zone of forest (ZM) and zone of eucalyptus (ZE). The physicochemical analyses were extracted in depths 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm, according to the methodologies of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and EMBRAPA. The data spatialization was performed in the software ArcGis by the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The results demonstrated the spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical attributes in different vegetation types of the park revealing that even areas with small extensions can show significant differentiation physico-chemical attributes, corroborating the importance of obtaining an appropriate soil management for the maintenance of environmental quality. Keywords: urban parks, soil management, spatial analysis, principal component analysis.