The role of human and microbial metabolites of triptophane in severe diseases and critical ill (review)

The growing interest to metabolites circulating in the blood is associated with the accumulation of factual material on the involvement of low-molecular compounds in the development of a number of serious diseases. This review reveals the effect of a whole class of chemical compounds — tryptophan metabolites — on various pathological processes. The following keywords were used to find the publications in the PubMed database for the last 10 years: names of natural indole compounds, methods for their detection, nosology of diseases and critical illness . The data are presented in sections, with the studies of tryptophan metabolites in a variety of disease groups, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, bowel, mental disorders, atherosclerosis, etc. A particular attention is paid to the role of indole compounds that enter the systemic circulation as a result of microbial biotransformation of tryptophan, serotonin and other indole metabolites, which can be attributed to the “common metabolites” of humans and microbiota. The most interesting clinical studies are summarized in the tables and figures. A number of indole metabolites are considered as potential biomarkers. The authors of the review substantiate the metabolomic approach to the study of a number of oncological, septic, mental and other intractable diseases, which opens up new possibilities of influence on the pathological process by targeted regulation in the metabolome/microbiome system.