Hypertension Artérielle et Grossesse: Aspects Epidémiocliniques et Complications à l’Hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou

RESUMEIntroduction. L’hypertension arterielle au cours de la grossesse est associee a une forte morbidite et mortalite perinatale. Elle touche 5 a 10 % des grossesses. L’objectif de notre etude etait de decrire les aspects cliniques et les complications de l’hypertension arterielle au cours de la grossesse a Segou. Patientes et methodes. Il s’agit d’une etude transversale descriptive realisee a l’Hopital Nianankoro Fomba du 1er Aout 2015 au 31 Juillet 2016 concernant 283 cas d’hypertension arterielle. Nos variables d’etude etaient le mode de decouverte, la forme clinique, les antecedents et les complications gravidiques. Resultats. La frequence de l’HTA chez les femmes enceintes etait de 8,01 % (283 patientes sur 3533 femmes enceintes). L’âge moyen etait de 25 ± 7,5 ans avec des extremes de 15 et 45 ans. L’HTA etait plus frequente (55,8 %) dans la tranche d’âge de 20-34 ans. Elle etait de decouverte fortuite au cours des consultations prenatales ou lors d’un accident gravidique. La preeclampsie (56,5%) et l’HTA chronique (25,4 %) etaient les formes cliniques les plus representees. Les facteurs de risque etaient : la primigestite (41,7%), les antecedents personnels (37,1%) et familiaux (43,1%) d’HTA, les antecedents personnels de diabete (1,8 %), l’utilisation d’oestroprogestatifs (18,7%) l’analphabetisme (50,8 %) et l’obesite (1%). L’eclampsie, l’hematome retro placentaire, le deces maternel et la mort fœtale in utero etaient les complications les plus frequentes. Conclusion. A Segou, l’hypertension gravidique affecte essentiellement la femme jeune primipare. La preeclampsie et l’hypertension chronique sont les deux principales formes. L’eclampsie, l’hematome retro placentaire, le deces maternel et la mort fœtale in utero sont les complications les plus frequentesABSTRACTIntroduction. High blood pressure (HBP) during pregnancy is associated with a high perinatal morbidity and mortality. It concerns 5 to 10% of pregnancies. The objective of our study was to describe the clinical features and the complications of high blood pressure during pregnancy at Segou. Patients and methods. This was a cross sectional descriptive study that took place at Hopital Nianankoro Fomba from August 1st 2015 to July 31st 2016 and concerned 283 women. Our data of interest were the clinical presentation, type of hypertension, and complications. Results. The frequency of gravidic hypertension was 8.01% (283/533. The average age was 25 ± 7.5 with the extremes of 15 to 45 years. HBP was more common (55.8%) in the group age of 20-34 years. It was a fortuitous discovery during prenatal consultations or during accident of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia (55.8%) and chronic HBP (25.4%) were the most common clinical types. The main risk factors were: primigravida (41.7%); personal history (37.1%) and family history (43.1%) of HBP, use of estrogen plus progestin (18.7%), illiteracy (50.8%) personal history of diabetes (1.8%) and obesity (1%). Eclampsia, retroplacental hematoma, maternal death, and intrauterine fetal death were the most common complications. Conclusion. Gravidic hypertension affects mainly young women. Preeclampsia and chronic hypertension are the most common types. The main complications are eclampsia, retroplacental hematoma, maternal death, and intrauterine fetal death.