Oil content and fatty acid profiling of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) of Indian cultivar

The fatty acid (FA) composition of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) oil determines its stability. The FA composition of 40 Indian soybean genotype collected from Agriculture Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli, Gujarat. The concentration of palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LNA) differed significantly amongst genotype. Overall, levels of Palmitic acid (PA) and Stearic acid (SA) ranged from 8.45% (AS3) to 13.23% (PBN107) and 2.28% (J339) to 9.52% (AGS84), with means of 11.73% and 5.86%, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of PA and SA were 4.59% and 3.74%, respectively. Elaidic acid (EA) levels ranged from 19.16% (J556) to 31.85% (K166) with an average of 22.98% and a CV of 2.76%. Oleic acid (OA) levels ranged from 1.21% (JD (SH) 131) to 3.40% (EC93741), with an average of 1.89% and a CV of 3.15%. Linoleic acid (LA) and Linolenic acid (LNA) ranged from 34.15% (K166) to 53.79% (JS335) and 7.86% (K166) to 11.90% (J245) with averages of 44.97% and 9.78% and CVs of 3.95% and 3.19%, respectively. Among the 40 genotype the total oil content was range of (16.89- 19.79). Among them genotype G.Soya 2 reported maximum oil content (19.79). While lowest total oil content was observed in AGS84 (16.89) genotype. Producing oil with greater OA content and lower amounts of LA and LNA these would be ideal for particular applications in the food business. Our findings will aid in the development of high-quality soybeans to fulfill human nutritional and industrial needs.